ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

We use the adverbs of frequency to express an habitual action or a fact in general. We put it between the pronoun and the main verb.

I hardly ever go to the beach

The most used adverbs of frequency are:

Always

Usually

Often

Sometimes

Hardly ever

Never

The adverbs of frequency comes after the verb to be

She is always happy

If the sentences is negative, the adverbs of frenquency comes after the auxiliary

I don´t usually drink beer

In sentences interrogatives:

Auxiliary+pronoun+adverb+verb+complement

Does he often practice baseball?

Do you always sit in the same place?

Is Luisa never going to stop talking?

Do you ever go hiking?

• Use hardly ever and never only in affirmative sentence

Example: She hardly ever work on sunday

He never go to the cinema

http://www.grammar.cl/Basic/Adverbs_Frequency.htm

http://www.clafoti.com/imagenes10/fre_adv_new.htm

http://www.oup.com/elt/global/products/englishfile/elementary/a_grammar/file03/grammar03_c01/

·

PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( FUTURE ARRAGEMENTS

We too use the present continuous to talk about:

-PERSONAL ARRAGEMENTS

I am visiting my family next week

I am playing basketball tomorrow

-FIXED PLANS

We are having a party this saturday

My parents are leaving town this night

-PLACE HAS BEEN ARRAGED

We are meeting in the park tomorrow

She is meeting with Paul in the beach

-ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE AND THE TIME

They are getting married at 8:00 pm

I am arriving at 2:00 to house´s Paul

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2306

http://esl.fis.edu/vocab/q21/doing1_r.htm

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

We form the present continuous used the verb to be and add ing to the base form the main verb.
For example: snow - snowing
rain -raining

We use the present continuous to talk:

-Actions happening now, at the moment of speaking
We use this tense with now, at present and at the moment:

She´s playing basketball now
He isn´t wrinting at the moment

-Most verb take ing after the base form of the main verb. Sleep- sleeping

-Verbs ending in a stressed vowel and a consonant double the consonant and take ing swim swimming

-Verbs ending in e disappear the e and take ing shine- shining

AFIRMATIVE FORM

Pronoun +verb to be + main verb +ing

I am sleeping

You are sleeping

He is sleeping
She is sleeping
It is sleeping

We are sleeping
You are sleeping
They are sleeping


NEGATIVE FORM

Pronoun+ negative form to be+ main verb +ing

contrations

I am not- (¨m not¨) sleeping
You are not (aren´t) sleeping

He is not - ( he isn´t) sleeping
She is not - ( she isn´t) sleeping
It is not -(it i sn´t) sleeping

We are not -(we aren´t) sleeping
You are not (you aren´t) sleeping
they are not -(they aren´t) sleeping

INTERROGATIVE FORM

Verb to be pronoun+ main verb +ing

SHORT ANSWERS

Am I sleeping ? -Yes, I am/ No, I am not

Are you sleeping ? - Yes, I am/ I am not


Is He sleeping?-Yes he is /no, he isn´t
Is She sleeping?- Yes she is/ No, she isn´t
It is sleeping? -Yes it is/ No, it isn´t


Are we sleeping ? Yes, we are/ No, we aren´t
Are you sleeping ? Yes, you are/ No, you aren´t
Are they sleeping?yes , they are/No, they aren´t

http://www.clafoti.com/imagenes/present_continuous.htm

http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/present_cont.htm

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3438

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE WITH FOR AND SINCE

-You can use this tense when you want speak about actions which started in the past and continue now.

-To form this tense you have to use the auxiliary have and has for third people more the verb in past participle.

Example:

• I have had this gloves since last year


• I have lived in Bogota for ten years
  
• Since last summer She hasn't been her family


• For ten months I have been nurse in the hospital Simon Bolivar

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/upperf1.htm

http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/PresentPerfect1D.html

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

Rules for forming comparatives and superlatives:

1.The comparative and superlative of adjectives of one syllable is formed by adding ER and EST , in the end of adjective. Example:

Positive Comparatives Superlatives.
Cold Colder Coldest.
Long Longer Longest.
Short Shorter Shortest.

2.The adjectives that end with a vowel, followed by a consonant, the consonant is doubled, and add er or est. Exe:

Hot Hotter Hottest.
Big Bigger Biggest.
Tall Taller The tallest.

3. The adjectives of two-syllable ending in y, change the y to i and add ed or est the end. Example:
Easy easier easiest.
Happy happier happiest.
Crazy crazier craziest.

4.The adjectives of two or more syllables, the comparative and superlative forms with more and most. Except adjectives of two or more syllables, the comparative and superlative forms with more and most. Except those thst end in Y.

Expensive more expensive the most expensive.
Modern more modern the most modern.
Beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful.

5. The irregular adjectives completely change your writing. Exemple.

God better best.
Bad worse worst
Far farther further farthest furthest.
Many much more most.
Little less least.

6. Comparative of Equality: The adjective is formed “ interpose” between the construction as…….as, ( tan, como), for affirmative and interrogative sentences and not as …..as for negative sentences.
Example:

He is as strong as you.
I'm as young as you
I am as young as you?
I'm not as young as you.
We can use after the second “ as” the pronoun ( he,his, she,her). Exemple:
He is as intelligent as her.



http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/regcom.htm

http://http//web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/regcom1.htm

SHOULD

Is a modal verb, we use it whit other verbs to give advice.

Afirmative form:

We use should with everyone without changing its form.

Subject + modal verb + verb infinitive without to

Example:

he should work harder.
You should tell Miss Gómez the Truth.
They should leave as soon as possible.
She should be doing her homework.
Pedro should exercise more.

Negative form:

We use should with everyone without changing its form.

Subject + modal verb + not (shouldn’t) + verb infinitive.

Example:

You should not say that.

You cau use the contration the should not = shouldn´t. example:

We should not arrive late. = We shouldn't arrive late.
Carolina should not be working. = Carolina shouldn't be working.
It should not take long. = It shouldn't take long.

Interrogative form:

Should + subject + verb infinitive without to.

Example:

Should I study this chapter for the exam?.
Should I write Alvaro a letter?
Should we worry?

SHOULD + HAVE:

To talk about the past we used should add have.

Example:


You should have told me you were going to arrive late.
Graciela should have consulted me.
I shouldn't have eaten so much.
Camilo y Daniel should have waited for you.

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/should/exercise1.swf

CAN

The verb " can" is a modal verb that means something is possible (possibility) or that someone can do something (skill or ability).
This verb is always used together with a main verb in its infinitive form.
Modal verbs in the third person singular does not add the "s" added to other verbs in english.

AFIRMATIVE FORM:

Estructure:

Subject + modal verb + verb infinitive wiythout to.

Example:

I can play tennis.
He can open the window.

NEGATIVE FORM:

Subject + modal verb + not ( can´t) + verb infinitive.


Example:

I can't go to the party.
We can not smoke in the university.


INTERROGATIVE FORM:

Can + subject + verb infinitive without to

Example:

Can you come with us?.
Can she finish the task of English?.

http://www.englishpage.com/modals/can.html

HAVE TO

Expresses an obligation.

AFIRMATIVE FORM:

We use Have to with:

I/ You/ We/ They. And Has to with: He/ She/ it.
Estructure:

Subject + Have to + verb infinitive + complement.

Example:


You have to make the task of English.
He has to work.
Teachers have to be very patient.
A secretary has to be organized.

NAGATIVE FORM.

We use don’t have to with:
I/ You/ We/ They. And doesn’t have to with: He/ She/ it.

Estructure:

Subject + don’t have to / dosen’t have to + verb infinitive + complement.

Example:


I don’t have to work every day.

She doesn’t have to come to the library.

INTERROGATIVE FORM:


We use Do whit: I/ You/ We/ They. And Does with: He/ She/ it.

Estructure:

Auxiliar + Subject + verb infinitive + complement.

Example:

Do I have to pay in advance?
Does your father have to travel a lot at his job?

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

We use de Present Perfect Simple to talk about the action or experience in the general past, the specific time is not important or is not know.

AFIRMATIVE FORM: Estructure:

Subject + Auxiliary + Past Participe + Complement.

Example:

He/She/it/ Has met some interesting people.
I/ You/We/ They Have had lost of other jobs.

NEGATIVE FORM: Estructure.

Subject + Auiliary + not + Past Participe + Complement.

Example:

He/She/ it has not/ hasn´t/ been to the USA before.
I/ You/We/They have not/ haven´t has a holiday.

INTERROGATIVE FORM: Estructure:


Auxiliary + Subject + Past Participe + Complement.
Example:

Has He/She/It listened to something?
Have I/ You/We/They sat somewhere?

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?04
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/ppvpast.htm

http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/bbogage-14003-simple-past-vs-present-perfect-tense-education-ppt-powerpoint/

INDIRECT QUESTIONS

-You can use Indirect Questions when you want to be more polite because this questions are considered more informal than the direct questions.

Example:

• Can I drink coffee in this place? Direct question
  
• Do you know if I can drink coffee in this place Indirect Question
• Where is the golden museum? Direct Question
  
• Can you tell me where is the golden museum Indirect Question

Atenttion!!!

- When you are going to make indirect questions with the verb to be you have to follow this steps:

• Indirect phrase + question word + subject + verb to be


• The indirect phrase can to be Do you know...

Can You tell me...

- When you are going to make indirect questions with other verbs you have to follow this steps:

Indirect phrase + question word + subject + verb

Example:

• Can you tell me what time the next transmilenio arrives?
• Can you tell me where the school Kennedy is?

http://www.eslbase.com/grammar/indirect-questions

http://www.speakspeak.com/html/d10h002_english_grammar_forming_indirect_questions.htm

http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.inqu.i.htm

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

- You can use defining relative clauses when you want give more information abaut a noun

- When You want talk about people You have to use who
- When You want talk about things You have to use which
- When You want talk about places You have to use where

- You have to use Defining relative clauses after the noun in the main clause

Example:

• This is the house which I like.
• Terry is the brother who I love.
• Venecia in Italy is the place more beautiful where I have been

-You can use too that as Defining relative caluses for people or things

Example:

• This is the place that I prefer
• Sandra is the person that I know in the train
• The music that He prefer is rock

http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/rel2.cfm

http://www.cristinacabal.com/pre-intermediate/defining.htm

http://www.slideshare.net/eoilleida/defining-relative-clause-presentation

GOING TO (FUTURE PLANS)

We use going to talk about future plans or intentions.
Besides we use expressions that accompany going to how:
Tonight, next week, this afternoon, etc.

Pronoun+ verb to be + going to + main verb
I am going to study Affirmative form

We form the future with going to:
Pronoun + verb be + Going to + main verb
I am going to study

Pronoun + verb Be + not + Going to + main verb
I am not going to sleep Negative form.

Verb to be + pronoun + Going to + main verb.
Are you going to eat salad? Interrogative form

In this case you can use the short answer as:
Yes, I am/ No, I´m not

Or composed answer as:
I don´t know. I´m going to chose another thing

Informal contractions are short forms of other words that people use when speaking casually. "gonna" is a short form of "going to". For example:
What are you gonna do tonight?
I'm gonna stay home.

Where are you gonna eat?
I´m gonna at the restaurant
When are you gonna to travel?
I ´m gonna in Saturday.

http://www.sherton.com.ar/goingwill/going.htm
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/goingto4.htm

THE SIMPLE PAST

-We use Past Simple to talk about completed action in the past.
To form the past, the verb should be in the form of the past. For this we must know the regular and irregular verbs.

IRREGULAR VERB: Need to memorizer the change it has in the writing. Example:

- Verb: Became. Paast Simple: Became.
- Verb: Begin. Past Simple: Began.
- Verb: Drive, past Simple: drove.

http://www.mansioningles.com/gram53.htm

REGULAR VERBS: Form the past by adding " ed" to the verb.

If the verb ends in a consonant + y, y changed by i, in the past.
Example: Cry + y = Cried.

If the verb end in e, only add, d.

Example:Decide + d = Decided.

Advise + d = advised.

Agree + d = agreed.

- NEGATIVE FORM: We used didn´t or did not, for all persons.

Estructure:

Subject + Auxiliary + not + Verb (infinitive) + Complement.

Example:

We did not go to the beach yesterday.

You can use the contration the did not = didn't, example:

He did not study very much. = He didn't study very much.

They did not like painting = They didn't like painteng.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM: Irregular verb change completely their writing, so you need tomemorizar y and Add - ed to regular verb to make the past form.

Estructure:

-Subject + Verb( past form) + complement.

Example:
She cleaned her house. ( regular verb)
He traveled to Russian in 1994. (regular verb)
You ate Chinese rice.( irregular verb).
The Titanic left Southampton, England. -

INTERROGATIVE FORM: We use the auxiliary did with all the person for the past.

Estructure:

Auxiliar + subject + verb ( infinitive form).

Example:
Did we play yesterday?

Did she write a poem?.

Did Julian slept every day?.

http://www.oup.com/elt/englishfile/elementary/i_games/gotoschool/games_gts01/

http//www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/complex_tests/simple_past1/index.php

SO AND NEITHER

- You can use SO or NEITHER, when you agree with something or with some experience compared with other people.

• For positive statements you have to use SO + positive auxiliary
• For negative statements you have to use NEITHER + positive auxiliary

Example:

Positive statements

• I have a beautiful dog. SO have I
• I am teacher SO. am I
• I like rock music. SO do I

Negative statements

• I haven't a dog in my house. NEITHER have I
• I can't speak French. NEITHER can I
• I am very tired. NEITHER do I

-When you want say that you disagree with something or you have a different experience that someone You have to use the OPPOSITE AUXILIARY.

Example:

• She sing very well She doesn't
• I can´t swim faster I can
• I have many friends I haven't

http://www.eflnet.com/grammar/soneithertut.php

http://www.clafoti.com/imagenes12/so_neither.htm

http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/68.html

THE SIMPLE PRESENT

Grammar Explanaitions

-Use the Simple Present for things that always, often, sometimes, or never happen.

Examples:

• Laura walks in the park every day
• She doesn't walk in the mountain
• The students take a break at 1:00
• they don't take a break at day

Affirmative form

-In affirmative statements for He, She and It you have to use the base form of the verb + s or es in the end of the verb, in the others forms I, You, We and They you have tio use the verb in infinitive form.

examples:

• Jairo drives to work
• Camila drinks tea every mornings
• Pedro works in the ofice every day
• Maria watches the car in the nigths
• The children listen relaxing music in the school
• the workers arrive every day at 7:00

Rules for The Simple Present third person singular (He, She, It)

1. Add-s for most verbs

• work works
• buy buys
• ride rides
• return return

2. Add- es for verbs that end ( ch, sh, s, x, z)

• watch watches
• pass passes
• rush rushes
• relax relaxes
• buzz buzzes

3. Does the base form end in consonant + y chage the y to i and add-es

• study studies
• hurry hurries
• dry dries

4. Does the base form end in vowel + y add-s ( Do not change the y to i)

• play plays
• enjoy enjoys

5. A few verbs have irregular forms

• be is
• have has
• do does
• go goes

-You can use time words like always, usually, sometime and never with The sinmple Present

Example:

• Camilo always buys clothes in joe banana
• She usually goes to the supermarket in the morning

Negative Form

- In negative statements use the auxiliar doesn't for He, She and It and don't with the others forms.

Example:

• She doesn't study
• He doesn't play
• They don't sing
• We don't sleep

Questions

-Use Simple Present questions to ask abaut things that always, often, sometimes or never happen.

- Begin yes / no questions with do or does

-Use short answer with yes / no questions

-You have to use do for I, You, We and They and You have to use does for He, She and It

Example:

• Do you speak english? Yes Ido
• Does She broke the window? yes She does

-For the negation you can use contractions in short answer with no

Example:

• Does your brother see the T.V show
• No, He doesn't

- For questions with wh, begin the word with the wh and use then the same order as in yes or no questions

Example:

• What do you think abaut the president?
• Why do you go there?

http://www.isabelperez.com/happy/tenses/present_simple.htm

http://www.oup.com/elt/global/products/englishforlife/beg/a_games/e4l_game_9/

http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-grammar-present-simple.htm